Understanding Jeju’s UNESCO World Heritage Sites

 

 

Understanding Jeju’s UNESCO World Heritage Sites

Introduction

Jeju Island is not only South Korea’s premier nature destination—it’s also a globally recognized geological treasure. In 2007, UNESCO designated three key sites on Jeju as World Natural Heritage due to their unique volcanic features and ecological value. Known collectively as the Jeju Volcanic Island and Lava Tubes, these sites include Hallasan Mountain, Seongsan Ilchulbong (Sunrise Peak), and the Geomunoreum Lava Tube System. Here’s what makes each of them truly special.

1. Hallasan Mountain (한라산)

📍 Location: Center of Jeju Island Height: 1,947 meters — the highest peak in South Korea UNESCO Highlight: Shield volcano with diverse alpine ecosystems

Hallasan is a dormant volcano that formed the island itself. Its broad crater (Baengnokdam) and sloping shield shape are textbook examples of volcanic evolution. The mountain is home to over 1,800 plant species and hundreds of animal species, including rare orchids and birds. Hikers can explore this geological marvel via well-maintained trails like Seongpanak and Gwaneumsa, offering views of lava cliffs, ancient forests, and volcanic rock formations.

2. Seongsan Ilchulbong (성산일출봉) — Sunrise Peak

📍 Location: Eastern coast of Jeju Island Formation: Tuff cone (hydrovolcanic explosion) UNESCO Highlight: Rare, well-preserved volcanic crater formed in shallow seawater

Also known as Sunrise Peak, Seongsan Ilchulbong was formed by an explosive interaction between rising magma and seawater about 5,000 years ago. Its steep slopes and crater ridge resemble a royal crown. The view from the summit at sunrise is legendary. The short but steep hike to the top offers panoramic views of the sea, surrounding farmland, and Udo Island. Interpretive signs explain its geology, and English-speaking guides are sometimes available.

3. Manjanggul Lava Tube (만장굴)

📍 Location: Northeast Jeju (Gujwa-eup) Length: Over 13 km (only 1 km open to public) UNESCO Highlight: One of the finest lava tubes in the world

Created around 300,000 years ago by lava flowing from Geomunoreum volcano, Manjanggul is a textbook example of a lava cave. It features natural rock bridges, lava shelves, stalactites, and a 7.6-meter-high lava column—the largest in the world. The cave is open year-round, with cool temperatures (11°C/52°F), so bring a jacket. The 1 km visitor section is paved, lit, and includes interpretive displays in English.

What Is a Lava Tube?

Lava tubes form when the surface of a lava flow cools and hardens while molten lava continues to flow underneath. When the lava eventually drains away, it leaves behind a hollow tunnel. These tubes can extend for kilometers and often form complex cave systems, as seen in Jeju’s Geomunoreum Lava Tube System.

Why These Sites Matter

• They represent different stages of volcanic activity—eruptions on land, in water, and below the surface.
• The diversity of flora and fauna on Hallasan supports ecological research and conservation.
• The structures are remarkably well-preserved, offering insight into the Earth’s geological history.
• All sites are accessible and interpreted for visitors, promoting education and responsible tourism.

Tips for Visiting UNESCO Sites in Jeju

• Arrive early: Seongsan Ilchulbong is best at sunrise and gets crowded after 9 AM.
• Wear proper shoes: Trails and caves have uneven, slippery surfaces.
• Layer up: Manjanggul is cool even in summer; bring a light jacket.
• Respect nature: Stay on paths, don’t remove rocks, and follow park rules.
• Use official guides: Available at Hallasan and Seongsan for deeper insights.

Conclusion

Jeju’s UNESCO World Heritage Sites are more than just beautiful destinations—they are geological wonders that tell the story of how our planet was formed. Whether you're climbing a dormant volcano, walking inside ancient lava tunnels, or witnessing a crater shaped by fire and sea, these experiences will leave you with a deeper appreciation for nature’s power and beauty. Don’t just take a selfie—take the time to understand the land beneath your feet.